Cobalt PeptidesResearch Grade

Scientific Reference

Peptide reference profiles

A profile sets out what a compound is and how it is understood to act: its structure, mechanism, molecular data and the published studies cited for it. Each is written from the literature and linked to its sources. The research summaries cover what those studies found, and a product page covers the material we supply. For laboratory research use only.

0–9

  • 5-Amino-1MQ5-Amino-1MQ is a small quinolinium molecule, not a peptide, designed to inhibit the enzyme nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT).

A

  • Acetic Acid WaterAcetic acid water is water containing a little acetic acid, used in the laboratory as a mildly acidic diluent rather than as a research compound.
  • AdamaxAdamax is sold as a Semax analogue carrying an adamantane group.
  • Adipotide (Prohibitin-TP01)Adipotide (prohibitin-TP01) is a synthetic peptidomimetic joining a nine-residue homing motif to a membrane-disrupting D-amino-acid sequence.
  • AHK-Cu (Copper Tripeptide-3)AHK-Cu is a copper(II) complex of the synthetic tripeptide alanyl-histidyl-lysine, a close relative of the naturally occurring GHK-Cu.
  • AicarAICAR, also called acadesine, is 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside: a synthetic nucleoside, not a peptide or an amino-acid derivative.
  • AOD-9604AOD-9604 is a synthetic peptide based on the C-terminal segment of human growth hormone, with a tyrosine at its N-terminus and a disulfide bond.
  • ARA-290 (Cibinetide)ARA-290, also called cibinetide, is an 11-residue synthetic peptide modelled on the helix B surface of erythropoietin.

B

  • Bacteriostatic WaterBacteriostatic water is sterile water with 0.9% benzyl alcohol added as a preservative, used in laboratories as a diluent.
  • BPC-157BPC-157 is a synthetic 15-residue peptide whose sequence was taken from a larger protein reported in human gastric juice.

C

  • Cagrilintide (AM833)Cagrilintide is a synthetic, lipidated analogue of amylin, a 37-residue peptide hormone released alongside insulin from pancreatic beta cells.
  • Cagrilintide + SemaglutideThis listing is two synthetic peptides supplied together: cagrilintide, an amylin analogue, and semaglutide, a GLP-1 analogue.
  • CartilaxCartilax corresponds to the tripeptide Ala-Glu-Asp, one of the short peptide bioregulators studied in Russian gerontology research.
  • CerebrolysinCerebrolysin is a mixture of short peptides and free amino acids made by controlled enzymatic digestion of pig brain protein.
  • CJC-1295 (without DAC)CJC-1295 without DAC, also called modified GRF (1-29), is a 29-residue synthetic analogue of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH).
  • CJC-1295 + IpamorelinCJC-1295 + Ipamorelin is one preparation holding two separate compounds, a GHRH analogue and a growth hormone secretagogue.

D

  • DermorphinDermorphin is a seven-residue opioid peptide first found in the skin secretions of South American frogs of the genus Phyllomedusa.
  • DihexaDihexa is a small-molecule analogue of angiotensin IV, studied in animal and cell models of cognition, hair-cell damage and nerve repair.
  • DSIP (Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide)DSIP, or delta sleep-inducing peptide, is a nine-residue peptide first described in rabbits during experimentally induced sleep.

E

  • Epitalon (Epithalon, AEDG)Epitalon, also spelled epithalon, is the synthetic tetrapeptide Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly, modelled on epithalamin, a peptide extract of bovine pineal gland.

F

  • FOXO4-DRIFOXO4-DRI is a 46-residue D-retro-inverso peptide designed to interfere with the interaction between the FOXO4 protein and p53.

G

  • GHK-Cu (Copper Tripeptide-1)GHK-Cu is the copper(II) complex of glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine, a tripeptide first isolated from human plasma.
  • GHRP-2GHRP-2, also known by the non-proprietary name pralmorelin, is a synthetic hexapeptide that activates the ghrelin receptor, GHS-R1a.
  • GHRP-6GHRP-6 is a synthetic hexapeptide, His-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2, and one of the earliest growth hormone-releasing peptides to be described.
  • GLOW Stack (GHK-Cu + TB-500 + BPC-157)This product is a blend of three research peptides, GHK-Cu, TB-500 and BPC-157, supplied together in a single preparation.
  • Glutathione (GSH)Glutathione is a tripeptide of glutamate, cysteine and glycine in which glutamate is linked through its side-chain (gamma) carboxyl group.

H

  • HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin)Human chorionic gonadotropin, or hCG, is a glycoprotein hormone built from two non-covalently joined subunits, alpha and beta.
  • HGH (Somatropin, 191aa)Somatropin is recombinant human growth hormone, a single chain of 191 amino acids with the same sequence as the main pituitary form of the hormone.
  • HMGHuman menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) is a urinary extract containing two glycoprotein hormones, FSH and LH.

I

  • IGF-1 LR3 (Long R3 IGF-1)IGF-1 LR3 is an 83-residue analogue of insulin-like growth factor 1, with an N-terminal extension and arginine replacing glutamate at position 3.
  • IGF-1-DESIGF-1 DES, or des(1-3)IGF-1, is a 67-residue form of insulin-like growth factor 1 lacking the first three amino acids of the native protein.
  • IpamorelinIpamorelin is a synthetic pentapeptide, Aib-His-D-2-Nal-D-Phe-Lys-NH2, that acts as an agonist at the ghrelin receptor, GHS-R1a.

K

  • KisspeptinKisspeptin-10 is a ten-residue peptide amide, the shortest active member of the kisspeptin family encoded by the KISS1 gene.
  • KLOW Stack (GHK-Cu + TB-500 + BPC-157 + KPV)This product is a blend of four research peptides, GHK-Cu, TB-500, BPC-157 and KPV, supplied together in one preparation.
  • KPV (Lys-Pro-Val)KPV is the tripeptide lysine–proline–valine, corresponding to the last three residues of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH).

L

  • L-Carnitine (Levocarnitine)L-carnitine is a small quaternary ammonium compound made in the liver and kidney from the amino acids lysine and methionine.
  • LC120LC120 is a supplier product code, not a compound designation.
  • Lemon BottleLemon Bottle is a proprietary multi-ingredient solution rather than a single compound, and it is not a peptide.
  • Lipo-C (MIC + B Vitamins)Lipo-C is a blend of methionine, inositol and choline (MIC) with B vitamins, including vitamin B12; none of its components is a peptide.
  • LL-37 (Human Cathelicidin)LL-37 is a 37-residue peptide cleaved from hCAP18, the only human cathelicidin; its name refers to its two leading leucines and its length.

M

  • Mazdutide (IBI362 / LY3305677)Mazdutide is a synthetic peptide modelled on oxyntomodulin, reported to act as an agonist at both the GLP-1 receptor and the glucagon receptor.
  • Melanotan I (Afamelanotide)Melanotan I, also known as afamelanotide, is a 13-residue synthetic analogue of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH).
  • Melanotan II (MT-II)Melanotan II is a synthetic cyclic heptapeptide analogue of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), closed by a lactam bridge.
  • MelatoninMelatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a small indoleamine made from tryptophan, chiefly in the pineal gland; it is not a peptide.
  • MOTS-cMOTS-c is a 16-residue peptide encoded by a short open reading frame within the mitochondrial gene for 12S ribosomal RNA.

N

O

  • OxytocinOxytocin is a nine-residue peptide hormone, cyclised by a disulphide bond between its two cysteines and amidated at the C-terminus.

P

  • P021P021 is a peptidomimetic derived from ciliary neurotrophic factor, carrying an adamantylated glycine at its C-terminus.
  • Phosphate Buffered SalinePhosphate-buffered saline (PBS) is a water-based salt solution held at near-neutral pH, usually about 7.4, by a phosphate buffer.
  • Pinealon (EDR)Pinealon is the synthetic tripeptide Glu-Asp-Arg (EDR), one of the short 'bioregulator' peptides described by a Russian research group.
  • PT-141 (Bremelanotide)PT-141 (bremelanotide) is a synthetic cyclic heptapeptide melanocortin receptor agonist, closely related in structure to melanotan II.

R

  • Retatrutide (LY3437943)Retatrutide is a synthetic peptide designed to activate three hormone receptors: those for GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon.
  • Retatrutide + CagrilintideThis blend combines two synthetic peptides, supplied together: retatrutide, a triple receptor agonist, and cagrilintide, an analogue of amylin.

S

  • SelankSelank is a synthetic seven-residue peptide, Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro, made by adding Pro-Gly-Pro to the tetrapeptide tuftsin.
  • Selank + SemaxThis blend combines two synthetic heptapeptides, supplied together: Selank, an analogue of tuftsin, and Semax, an analogue of an ACTH fragment.
  • SemaglutideSemaglutide is a synthetic 31-residue analogue of human glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) that carries a fatty-acid side chain.
  • SemaxSemax is a synthetic seven-residue peptide, Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro, built from a short fragment of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
  • SermorelinSermorelin is a synthetic 29-residue peptide reproducing the N-terminal segment of human growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH).
  • SLU-PP-332SLU-PP-332 is a synthetic small molecule, not a peptide, reported to activate all three oestrogen-related receptors: ERRα, ERRβ and ERRγ.
  • SNAP-8 (Acetyl Octapeptide-3)SNAP-8, or acetyl octapeptide-3, is a synthetic eight-residue peptide modelled on the N-terminal region of the neuronal protein SNAP-25.
  • SS-31 (Elamipretide)SS-31, also named elamipretide, is a synthetic tetrapeptide of alternating aromatic and basic residues that concentrates in mitochondria.
  • Survodutide (BI 456906)Survodutide is a synthetic, lipidated peptide that acts as an agonist at two receptors: the glucagon receptor and the GLP-1 receptor.

T

  • TB-500TB-500 is a synthetic seven-residue peptide, Ac-LKKTETQ, matching residues 17 to 23 of the 43-residue actin-binding protein thymosin β4.
  • TesamorelinTesamorelin is a modified form of human growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), keeping all 44 residues but altering the N-terminus.
  • Thymosin Alpha 1Thymosin alpha 1 is a 28-residue peptide, acetylated at its N-terminus, first isolated from calf thymus extract and now made synthetically.
  • TirzepatideTirzepatide is a synthetic 39-residue peptide that activates two incretin receptors, the GIP receptor and the GLP-1 receptor.

V

  • VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide)VIP, or vasoactive intestinal peptide, is a 28-residue amidated neuropeptide found in central and peripheral neurons and in the gut wall.
  • Vitamin B12Vitamin B12 is the collective name for the cobalamins, organometallic compounds built around a corrin ring that holds a single metal ion.

W