Cobalt PeptidesResearch Grade

Scientific Reference

GLOW Stack (GHK-Cu + TB-500 + BPC-157)

Evidence profile: Component evidence only — this formulation has not itself been studied

This product is a blend of three research peptides, GHK-Cu, TB-500 and BPC-157, supplied together in a single preparation. GHK-Cu is the copper(II) complex of the tripeptide glycyl-histidyl-lysine, first isolated from human plasma. TB-500 is the synthetic seven-residue fragment Ac-LKKTETQ, copied from the actin-binding region of thymosin β4. BPC-157 is a synthetic 15-residue peptide whose sequence was taken from a protein described in gastric juice. Each has its own literature, mostly in cell culture and animal models, but no published study has tested the three together, and there are no data on their stability or behaviour as a mixture.

Mechanism of Action

No mechanism has been described for the blend itself, so only the components can be discussed, each on its own evidence. GHK binds copper(II) with high affinity, and the complex has been examined in fibroblast cultures for changes in collagen and glycosaminoglycan synthesis. Thymosin β4 binds monomeric actin and regulates how much is available for filament assembly; TB-500 copies LKKTETQ, the short sequence at the centre of that binding region, and how far the fragment shares the binding is not well established. The mode of action of BPC-157 is unsettled, with rodent and cell studies examining nitric oxide signalling and VEGF receptor pathways. Whether the three interact with one another has not been investigated.

Molecular Information

  • Type: Three-peptide blend

Published Research

  • RGN-259 neurotrophic keratopathy phase III

    0.1% RGN-259 (Thymosin ß4) Ophthalmic Solution Promotes Healing and Improves Comfort in Neurotrophic Keratopathy Patients in a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Masked Phase III Clinical Trial

    Sosne G et al. · International journal of molecular sciences · 2022 · Clinical · Evidence for TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4)

    PMID 36613994 — View on PubMed

  • The effect of thymosin treatment of venous ulcers

    Guarnera G et al. · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2010 · Clinical · Evidence for TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4)

    PMID 20536470 — View on PubMed

  • A randomized, placebo-controlled, single and multiple dose study of intravenous thymosin beta4 in healthy volunteers

    Ruff D et al. · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2010 · Clinical · Evidence for TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4)

    PMID 20536472 — View on PubMed

  • Effects of topical copper tripeptide complex on CO2 laser-resurfaced skin

    Miller TR et al. · Archives of facial plastic surgery · 2006 · Clinical · Evidence for GHK-Cu

    PMID 16847171 — View on PubMed

  • A prospective randomized evaluator-blinded trial of two potential wound healing agents for the treatment of venous stasis ulcers

    Bishop JB et al. · Journal of vascular surgery · 1992 · Clinical · Evidence for GHK-Cu

    PMID 1495150 — View on PubMed

  • Injectable Peptide Therapy: A Primer for Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Physicians

    Mayfield CK et al. · The American journal of sports medicine · 2026 · Review · Evidence for BPC-157

    PMID 41476424 — View on PubMed