Scientific Reference

VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide)

Evidence profile: Predominantly preclinical

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) is a 28-amino acid neuropeptide with potent anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective properties. Acting through VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors, VIP regulates immune function, vascular tone, circadian rhythms, and neurological activity. VIP has been extensively studied in inflammatory, pulmonary, and neurological conditions. Intranasal delivery enables direct CNS access via olfactory and trigeminal pathways, while systemic administration influences immune and vascular systems. It is particularly notable in research involving chronic inflammatory response syndrome (CIRS), respiratory dysfunction, and neuroimmune regulation.