Cobalt PeptidesResearch Grade

Scientific Reference

Wolverine Stack (BPC-157 + TB-500)

Evidence profile: Component evidence only — this formulation has not itself been studied

This blend combines two synthetic peptides, BPC-157 and TB-500, supplied together as one product; it is not a new compound. BPC-157 is a 15-residue peptide whose sequence its originators describe as derived from a protein in gastric juice; almost all of its literature comes from rodent studies, much of it from a single research group, and human data are very limited. TB-500 is the synthetic seven-residue fragment Ac-LKKTETQ of thymosin β4, and most related research concerns the full-length 43-residue protein rather than the fragment. We are not aware of any published study that has tested the two peptides together, so the blend has no literature of its own.

Mechanism of Action

The two components are reported to act through different pathways, and no interaction between them has been studied. BPC-157 has no identified receptor; rodent and cell studies have linked it to nitric oxide signalling, to the VEGFR2 pathway in endothelial cells and to focal adhesion kinase and paxillin in cultured tendon fibroblasts. TB-500 reproduces the central actin-binding motif of thymosin β4, which in the full-length protein binds monomeric G-actin and regulates the pool of unpolymerised actin; how far the short fragment shares that binding is not well established.

Molecular Information

  • Type: Two-peptide blend

Published Research

  • Thymosin beta 4: A potential novel adjunct treatment for bacterial keratitis

    Sosne G et al. · International immunopharmacology · 2023 · Clinical · Evidence for TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4)

    PMID 37018981 — View on PubMed

  • RGN-259 neurotrophic keratopathy phase III

    0.1% RGN-259 (Thymosin ß4) Ophthalmic Solution Promotes Healing and Improves Comfort in Neurotrophic Keratopathy Patients in a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Masked Phase III Clinical Trial

    Sosne G et al. · International journal of molecular sciences · 2022 · Clinical · Evidence for TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4)

    PMID 36613994 — View on PubMed

  • The effect of thymosin treatment of venous ulcers

    Guarnera G et al. · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2010 · Clinical · Evidence for TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4)

    PMID 20536470 — View on PubMed

  • A randomized, placebo-controlled, single and multiple dose study of intravenous thymosin beta4 in healthy volunteers

    Ruff D et al. · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2010 · Clinical · Evidence for TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4)

    PMID 20536472 — View on PubMed

  • Injectable Peptide Therapy: A Primer for Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Physicians

    Mayfield CK et al. · The American journal of sports medicine · 2026 · Review · Evidence for BPC-157

    PMID 41476424 — View on PubMed

  • From Regeneration to Analgesia: The Role of BPC-157 in Tissue Repair and Pain Management

    Yuan C et al. · International journal of molecular sciences · 2026 · Review · Evidence for BPC-157

    PMID 41898733 — View on PubMed