Scientific Reference

Vitamin B12

Evidence profile: Controlled human evidence

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is an essential water-soluble vitamin and cobalt-containing coenzyme involved in DNA synthesis, red blood cell formation, and neurological function. It exists in multiple biologically active forms, including methylcobalamin and adenosylcobalamin, which participate in critical enzymatic reactions. In research contexts, Vitamin B12 is used to study hematological function, neurological health, methylation pathways, and cellular energy metabolism. Due to its role in mitochondrial activity and one-carbon metabolism, it is also relevant in studies of fatigue, cognition, and metabolic efficiency.