5-Amino-1MQ

Four studies are cited, all preclinical and published between 2019 and 2025, and none involves people. Each describes its test agent as an inhibitor of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT). Two, from 2021 and 2022, used obese mice; one, from 2019, examined aged skeletal muscle alongside C2C12 muscle cells; and one, from 2025, used experimental models of type 2 diabetes with HK-2 kidney tubule cells.

In obese mice, the 2021 study reported that NNMT inhibition added to a reduced-calorie diet normalised body composition and produced a distinct metabolite signature in fat tissue, with higher levels of ketogenic amino acids. The 2022 study, in mice with diet-induced obesity, described a distinct gut microbiome under the same combined approach, although one bacterial genus, Parasutterella, rose after the diet switch whether or not the inhibitor was given. The 2019 study reported activation of senescent muscle stem cells and greater regenerative capacity in aged muscle, and in C2C12 myoblasts the inhibitor promoted differentiation alongside shifts in the NAD+/NADH redox balance. The 2025 study proposed NNMT as a marker of tubular injury in diabetic nephropathy and reported that NNMT inhibition acted synergistically with an SGLT2 inhibitor to protect HK-2 cells.

The evidence is early and narrow. All four studies are in animals or cultured cells, each finding rests on a single study, the obesity results describe the inhibitor alongside a dietary change, and the kidney result concerns a pairing with a second drug. No study in people appears among the citations, so nothing here indicates how the compound behaves in humans.