CJC-1295

Ten publications from 2005 to 2021 are cited. Two are 2006 clinical studies of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) secretion, and a third, from 2009, analysed serum proteins in healthy adults given the compound. Two are animal studies: a 2005 pharmacokinetic study in rats and a 2006 study in mice lacking GHRH. Four describe analytical methods for detecting CJC-1295 and related analogues in urine, horse plasma and an unidentified pharmaceutical preparation, and one is a 2016 netnographic study of self-directed use among women.

A 2006 study in healthy adults reported sustained, dose-dependent rises in GH and IGF-I, signs of a cumulative effect after repeated doses, and that the compound was relatively well tolerated. The second 2006 study found that trough and mean GH secretion and IGF-I production rose while the normal pulsatile pattern of release was preserved. The 2009 analysis identified serum protein changes that its authors proposed as possible markers of GH or IGF-1 action, while noting that the mechanisms linking them were still unclear. In rats, CJC-1295 was detected alongside serum albumin from 15 minutes after injection and remained in circulation beyond 24 hours, and a 2006 study in GHRH knockout mice reported that repeated administration maintained normal growth and body composition.

The analytical papers concern detection rather than biological effects. They describe an assay that identified CJC-1295 in horse plasma at concentrations as low as 180 pg/mL, a screening threshold of 50 pg/mL set to allow for the horse's own GHRH, and a urine method covering several GHRH analogues. The 2010 paper described the compound as prohibited under section S2 of the World Anti-Doping Agency list, and the 2016 study argued that public health work should account for self-directed use and its adverse health consequences.

The human evidence amounts to three studies published between 2006 and 2009, which measured hormone levels and serum proteins rather than clinical outcomes. The animal findings each rest on a single study, and every citation after 2009 concerns detection or patterns of use rather than the compound's biology.