AOD-9604

Six publications are cited, from 2000 to 2015. Five are laboratory studies: three animal studies from 2000 and 2001 on fat metabolism and insulin sensitivity, two of them in obese mice; a 2015 study in a rabbit model of knee osteoarthritis; and a 2015 analytical paper on detecting the peptide and its breakdown products. The sixth is a 2004 review of the compound's development by the company Metabolic, which noted that phase IIa trials were under way by February 2002. No results from studies in people appear among the cited sources.

In obese mice, the 2001 studies reported that both growth hormone and AOD-9604 reduced body-weight gain, raised fat oxidation and stimulated lipolysis, although AOD-9604 did not interact with the growth hormone receptor. In mice lacking the beta-3 adrenergic receptor, an acute experiment recorded higher energy expenditure and fat oxidation after AOD-9604. The 2000 study used euglycaemic clamps and found no adverse effect on insulin sensitivity with chronic AOD-9604, unlike chronic intact growth hormone. In rabbits with collagenase-induced knee osteoarthritis, the authors reported cartilage regeneration after AOD-9604 was injected into the joint, alone or alongside hyaluronic acid. The detection study identified a single serum metabolite, the sequence CRSVEGSCG, that was markedly more stable than the parent peptide, and suggested that screening for it could lengthen the detection window.

The metabolic findings come from animal studies published in 2000 and 2001. The 2004 review records only that phase IIa trials had begun, and no human trial results are among the cited sources. The osteoarthritis result comes from a single rabbit study, and the detection paper describes an analytical method rather than biological effects. The entries give no group sizes, so the strength of individual results cannot be judged from this page.