Research summary
Research HubTirzepatide
Clinical — 10 studies
Tirzepatide is a dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist investigated for its role in metabolic and appetite-related signaling pathways.
Being studied for
- Dual incretin receptor signaling
- Metabolic efficiency research
- Appetite and satiety modulation
Published Research
Evidence profile
Human Phase 3 evidence
10 cited publications · 9 primary trials
Findings below belong to the studies that reported them. They describe the material and conditions those authors used, not this product, and not an outcome to expect.
Core evidence
The publications most central to understanding this compound.
SURMOUNT-5
Tirzepatide as Compared with Semaglutide for the Treatment of Obesity
Aronne LJ et al. · The New England journal of medicine · 2025
Population: Adults with obesity, without diabetes
A direct comparison against semaglutide 2.4 mg over 72 weeks, with percent change in weight as the primary endpoint.
- Route reported
- Subcutaneous
- Schedule
- Once weekly under the trial protocol
- Duration
- 72 weeks
- Treatment arms
- Tirzepatide, maximum tolerated dose · Semaglutide 2.4 mg
“Among participants with obesity but without diabetes, treatment with tirzepatide was superior to treatment with semaglutide with respect to reduction in body weight and waist circumference at week 72.”
Context: Open-label. Both arms used authorised pharmaceutical products.
SURMOUNT-1
Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity
Jastreboff AM et al. · The New England journal of medicine · 2022
Population: Adults with obesity, or overweight with at least one weight-related complication, without diabetes
The pivotal obesity trial of the tirzepatide programme. Participants were randomised to one of three tirzepatide doses or placebo and followed for 72 weeks, with percentage change in weight and the proportion reaching a 5% reduction as coprimary endpoints.
- Route reported
- Subcutaneous
- Schedule
- Once weekly under the trial protocol
- Duration
- 72 weeks
- Treatment arms
- 5 mg · 10 mg · 15 mg · Placebo
“The mean percentage change in weight at week 72 was -15.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], -15.9 to -14.2) with 5-mg weekly doses of tirzepatide, -19.5% (95% CI, -20.4 to -18.5) with 10-mg doses, and -20.9% (95% CI, -21.8 to -19.9) with 15-mg doses and -3.1% (95% CI, -4.3 to -1.9) with placebo (P<0.001 for all comparisons with placebo).”
Context: Participants with diabetes were excluded, so the result does not describe that population. The material studied was the manufacturer's pharmaceutical formulation.
SURPASS-2
Tirzepatide versus Semaglutide Once Weekly in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Frías JP et al. · The New England journal of medicine · 2021
Population: Adults with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin
An active-controlled comparison against semaglutide 1 mg over 40 weeks, with change in glycated haemoglobin as the primary endpoint.
- Route reported
- Subcutaneous
- Schedule
- Once weekly under the trial protocol
- Duration
- 40 weeks
- Treatment arms
- Tirzepatide 5 mg · Tirzepatide 10 mg · Tirzepatide 15 mg · Semaglutide 1 mg
“Tirzepatide at all doses was noninferior and superior to semaglutide.”
Context: Open-label, against a single comparator dose of semaglutide, which constrains how the comparison generalises.
Tirzepatide is an imbalanced and biased dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist
Willard FS et al. · JCI insight · 2020
Population: Recombinant cell systems and primary islets
Characterises tirzepatide at the GIP and GLP-1 receptors, reporting an imbalanced, biased agonist profile rather than equal activity at the two receptors.
Context: In-vitro work. It explains receptor behaviour and does not establish a clinical effect.
Supporting evidence
Tirzepatide for maintenance of bodyweight reduction in people with obesity in the USA (SURMOUNT-MAINTAIN): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial
Horn DB et al. · Lancet (London, England) · 2026
The study reportedIn adults with obesity, long-term treatment is often necessary to maintain bodyweight reduction and its associated cardiometabolic benefits. In the SURMOUNT-MAINTAIN trial, continuing tirzepatide at MTD maintained bodyweight reduction and health-related benefits.
Efficacy and safety of tirzepatide in children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes (SURPASS-PEDS): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial
Hannon TS et al. · Lancet (London, England) · 2025
The study reportedTirzepatide demonstrated significant improvements in glycaemic control and BMI compared with placebo. These effects were sustained over 1 year.
Efficacy and safety of once-weekly tirzepatide in Japanese patients with obesity disease (SURMOUNT-J): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial
Kadowaki T et al. · The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology · 2025
The study reportedIn Japanese adults with obesity disease, tirzepatide provided clinically a meaningful reduction in bodyweight compared with placebo over 72 weeks, with a safety profile consistent with that observed in global populations.
Tirzepatide vs Insulin Lispro Added to Basal Insulin in Type 2 Diabetes: The SURPASS-6 Randomized Clinical Trial
Rosenstock J et al. · JAMA · 2023
The study reportedIn people with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes treated with basal insulin, weekly tirzepatide compared with prandial insulin as an additional treatment with insulin glargine demonstrated reductions in HbA1c and body weight with less hypoglycemia.
SURPASS-5
Effect of Subcutaneous Tirzepatide vs Placebo Added to Titrated Insulin Glargine on Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: The SURPASS-5 Randomized Clinical Trial
Dahl D et al. · JAMA · 2022
The study reportedAmong patients with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycemic control despite treatment with insulin glargine, the addition of subcutaneous tirzepatide, compared with placebo, to titrated insulin glargine resulted in statistically significant improvements in glycemic control after 40 weeks.
SURPASS-1
Efficacy and safety of a novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide in patients with type 2 diabetes (SURPASS-1): a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial
Rosenstock J et al. · Lancet (London, England) · 2021
The study reportedTirzepatide showed robust improvements in glycaemic control and bodyweight, without increased risk of hypoglycaemia. The safety profile was consistent with GLP-1 receptor agonists, indicating a potential monotherapy use of tirzepatide for type 2 diabetes treatment.
Published studies summarised here concern the specific investigational or pharmaceutical materials and study conditions described by their authors. Their findings are not performance claims for Cobalt Peptides material. Citations verified against PubMed on 2026-08-09.
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